Physostigmine (Physostigmine)
Overview of Physostigmine
Physostigmine is alkaloid having the anticholinesterase activity, obtained from the dried ripe seed of Physostigma venenosum. The pharmacologic properties of it mimic those of acetylcholine. It increases intestinal and bladder motility. Physostigmine is used topically to reduce intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma and parenterally to reverse the central nervous system effect produced by overdosage of anticholinergic drugs.
Indication of Physostigmine
Physostigmine is primarily indicated in conditions like Glucoma, Myasthenia gravis, Oversedation, Poisoning with anticholinergic drugs, Poisoning with antidepressant drugs.
Contraindication of Physostigmine
Physostigmine is contraindicated in conditions like Anesthesia,Asthma,Diabetes mellitus,Neuromuscular blockade,Parkinsonism,Cardiovascular disease,Gangrene.
Side Effects of Physostigmine
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Physostigmine, which give rise to further complications include Convulsions, Hypertension.,Physostigmine produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Asystole. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Physostigmine therapy.,The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Physostigmine include Bradycardia, Salivation, Urination, Respiratory paralysis, Cholinergic crisis, Defecation.,The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Physostigmine are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Headache, Ciliary & conjnuctival congestion, Ocular & periorbital pain, Twitching lids, Myopia.
Precautions of Physostigmine
Physostigmine should be used with caution in patients with eye problems, asthma, intestinal disease, ulcers, low or high blood pressure, heart disease, hyperthyroidism, seizures, Parkinson's disease or an obstruction of the urinary tract. Before having surgery with a general anesthetic, tell the doctor or dentist about the use of the drug. Do not allow any one else to use this medication. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.