Neomycin (Neomycin)
Overview of Neomycin
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. The aminoglycosides are the compound containing characteristic amino sugars joined to a hexose nucleus in glycoside linkage Neomycin (Sulphate) is derived from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. Although bioavailability after oral administration is poor, neomycin is administered orally in patients with hepatic coma or portal-systemic encephalopathy. Neomycin (Sulphate) is most often used topically as an antiinfective. Neomycin is not indicated for the treatment of systemic infections because it can cause irreversible ototoxicity. Neomycin was approved by the FDA in 1952. Neomycin is bactericidal in action. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through irreversible binding to the 30 S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria. Neomycin is actively transported into the bacterial cell where it binds to receptors present on the 30 S ribosomal subunit. This binding interferes with the initiation complex between the messenger RNA (mRNA) and the subunit. As a result, abnormal, nonfunctional proteins are formed due to misreading of the bacterial DNA. Eventually, susceptible bacteria die because of the lack of functional protein.
Indication of Neomycin
Neomycin is primarily indicated in conditions like Decontamination of digestive tract, Hepatic coma, Hepatic encephalopathy, Pre-operative bowel sterilization, Sepsis, Skin infections, Superficial infections, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Acute bacterial enteritis, Bladder infections, Hypercholesterolaemia, Wounds management.
Contraindication of Neomycin
Neomycin is contraindicated in conditions like Allergy,Myasthenia gravis,Parkinsonism,Intestinal obstruction,Perforation of eardrum,Renal impairment.
Side Effects of Neomycin
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Neomycin, which give rise to further complications include Urticaria, Angioneurotic edema, Ototoxicity, Blood dyscrasias, blood dyscrasias.,Neomycin produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Anaphylactic shock, Renal failure, Skeletal muscle paralysis, Superinfection. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Neomycin therapy.,The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Neomycin include Nausea & vomiting, Permanent deafness.,The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Neomycin are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Vertigo, Headache, Diarrhea, Tinnitus, Pruritus, Lethargy, Skin rash, Contact dermatitis, Pyuria, Steatorrhea, Azotemia, Cylindruria, Contact dermatitis.
Precautions of Neomycin
Neomycin should be used with caution in patients who are sensitive to aminoglycosides, renal disease or renal impairment, patients with dehydration and in elderly patients. Patient with pre-existing tinnitus, vertigo or subclinical high frequency hearing impairrment should be closely monitored for sign of ototoxicity during therapy with neomycin. Take appropriate measures in case of secondary infections. Parenteral use of neomycin or its use for irrigation of wound or serouse cartities is no longer recommended.