Nalbuphine Hcl (Nalbuphine Hcl)
Overview of Nalbuphine Hcl
Nalbuphine Hcl is a synthetic opiate agonist/antagonist that is chemically related to both naloxone, a narcotic antagonist, and oxymorphone, a potent narcotic analgesic. Used to treat moderate to severe pain associated with acute and chronic medical disorders such as cancer, renal or biliary colic, migraine or vascular headaches, and surgical pain. Another clinical use is obstetrical analgesia during labor and delivery. Some evidence suggests that nalbuphine's respiratory depressant effects do not increase proportionately with increasing doses, thus making this drug safer in patients at risk from respiratory depression. It was approved by the FDA in 1979. Nalbuphin exerts its effects by binding to specific opiate receptors present in the central nervous system, functions as an antagonist at the �-receptor, however it has agonist action at ?-receptor, Nalbuphine is also an agonist at the d-receptor, but Nalbuphine Hcl is nalbuphine's action at the ?-receptor that provides analgesia. Actions at the ?-receptors are believed to produce alterations in the perception of pain as well as the emotional response to pain, possibly by altering the release of neurotransmitters from afferent nerves sensitive to painful stimuli.
Indication of Nalbuphine Hcl
Nalbuphine Hcl is primarily indicated in conditions like Adjunct to prevent relapse, Long term management of hereditary angioedema, Moderate to severe pain, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in All forms of epilepsy, Anesthesia, Myoclonus, Post-operative pain, Pre-anaesthetic medication.
Contraindication of Nalbuphine Hcl
Nalbuphine (HCl) is contraindicated in conditions like Respiratory depression,Raised intracranial pressure,Opioid dependence,Hypersensitivity.
Side Effects of Nalbuphine Hcl
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Nalbuphine (HCl), which give rise to further complications include Sinus tachycardia, Urticaria, Hypotension, Hypotension, Orthostatic hypotension, Hypertension, Depression, Sinus bradycardia, Syncope, Respiratory depression.,The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Nalbuphine (HCl) are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Dizziness, Headache, Dyspnea, Dry mouth, Blurred vision, Pruritus, VertigoX, Sedation, SweatingX, Flushing, Nausea and vomiting, Euphoria, Urinary urgency, Xerostomia, Dry mouth, dizziness.
Precautions of Nalbuphine Hcl
Nalbufine should be used with caution and in low doses in patients with respiratory depression, kidney or liver disease, patients undergoing biliary tract surgery. Patients should observe caution while driving or performing tasks requiring alertness, because it may cause drowsiness.