Isoniazid (Isoniazid)
Overview of Isoniazid
Isoniazid is the hydrazide of isonicotinic acid.Isoniazid is structurally similar to pyridoxine and introduced in 1952. It is the most active drug for the treatement of tuberculosis caused by susceptible strains used either alone or in combination with other drugs. It is prepared by chemical synthesis. It is available in combination with pyrazinamide, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamine.
Indication of Isoniazid
Isoniazid is primarily indicated in conditions like Acute leukemia, Mycobacterial infection, Prophylaxis of TB, Tuberculosis, Vestibular disorders, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Pulmonary TB.
Contraindication of Isoniazid
Isoniazid is contraindicated in conditions like Diabetes mellitus,Seizures,Hypersensitivity.
Side Effects of Isoniazid
The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Isoniazid, which give rise to further complications include Hepatotoxicity, Pancreatitis, Lupus erythematosus, Peripheral neuropathy, Hepatotoxicity, Gynecomastia, Increase liver enzyme.,Isoniazid produces potentially life-threatening effects which include Hepatitis. which are responsible for the discontinuation of Isoniazid therapy.,The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Isoniazid include Nausea, Vomiting, Tachycardia, Convulsions, Coma, Seizures, Tachycardia, Urinary retention, Hallucinations, Metabolic acidosis, Hyperglycemia, Dizziness, Respiratory distress, Hyperreflexia, Slurred speech, hyperreflexia.,The symptomatic adverse reactions produced by Isoniazid are more or less tolerable and if they become severe, they can be treated symptomatically, these include Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Fever, Skin rashes, Skin eruptions, Vasculitis, Skin eruptions, Skin rashes.
Precautions of Isoniazid
Minimize alcohol consumption while taking isoniazid, because alcohol can reduce the effectiveness of this medication and increase side effect. It should be used with caution if patients have been treated for tuberculosis before, have kidney or liver problems, diabetes, history of alcohol use and of any drug allergy. Tyramine and histamine-containing foods may rarely interact with this medication, these foods include large amounts of fish, cheese, yeast extract or sausages. Consult the doctor or pharmacist immediately if patient suffer from flushing or a rapid heart beat. It should be used during pregnancy or lactation only if clearly needed.